Knee

Normal Anatomy of the Knee Joint

How does the Knee joint work?

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Conditions

Arthritis of Knee Joint

Arthritis is a general term covering numerous conditions where the joint surface or cartilage wears out. The joint surface is covered by a smooth articular surface that allows pain free movement in the joint. This surface can wear out for a number of reasons; often the definite cause is not known.
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tears

The anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, is one of the major ligaments of the knee that is located in the middle of the knee and runs from the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone). It prevents the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur. Together with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) it provides rotational stability to the knee.

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Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Patellofemoral pain syndrome, also referred to as PFPS, is one of the most commonly reported knee problems, accounting for one in four knee complaints seen by Orthopedists. To learn more about patellofemoral pain syndrome, let us first learn about normal knee anatomy and function.

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Knee Pain

The knee is one of the largest joints in the body, formed by the lower end of the femur, upper end of the tibia and the patella or knee cap. Several ligaments and muscles attach to the bones of the knee joint to maintain normal motion of the joint. Special cartilaginous tissues known as menisci are placed between the two articular ends of the joint. These act as a cushion between the articular surfaces and absorb the shock during movement.

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Meniscal Tear

A meniscal tear is a tear that occurs in the cartilage of the knee. The meniscus is a small, “C” shaped piece of cartilage in the knee joint. Each knee has two menisci, the medial meniscus on the inner aspect of the knee and the lateral meniscus on the outer aspect of the knee.

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Knee Sprain

Knee sprain is a common injury that occurs from overstretching of the ligaments that support the knee joint. A knee sprain occurs when the knee ligaments are twisted or turned beyond its normal range causing the ligaments to tear.

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Procedures

Arthroscopy of the Knee Joint

Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure in which an arthroscope is inserted into a joint. Arthroscopy is a term that comes from two Greek words, arthro-, meaning joint, and -skopein, meaning to examine.
The benefits of arthroscopy involve smaller incisions, faster healing, a more rapid recovery, and less scarring. Arthroscopic surgical procedures are often performed on an outpatient basis and the patient is able to return home on the same day.

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Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

A total knee replacement (TKR) or total knee arthroplasty is a surgery that resurfaces arthritic knee joint with an artificial metal or plastic replacement parts called the ‘prostheses’.

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Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction

The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the major stabilizing ligaments in the knee. It is a strong rope like structure located in the center of the knee running from the femur to the tibia. When this ligament tears unfortunately it doesn’t heal and often leads to the feeling of instability in the knee.

ACL reconstruction is a commonly performed surgical procedure and with recent advances in arthroscopic surgery can now be performed with minimal incision and low complication rates.

ACL Reconstruction Hamstring Tendon

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ACL Reconstruction Patellar Tendon

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Revision Knee Replacement

This means that complete or a part of your previous knee replacement needs to be revised. This operation varies from a very minor adjustment to a massive operation replacing significant amount of bone and hence is difficult to describe in full.

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Click on the topics below to find out more from the orthopedic connection website of American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons.

• ACL Injury: Should it be fixed?
• Activities After a Knee Replacement
• Additional Resources on the Knee
• Adolescent Anterior Knee Pain
• Arthritis of the Knee
• Care of the Aging Knee: Baby Boomers May Need Lifestyle Changes
• Cemented and Cementless Knee Replacement
• Deep Vein Thrombosis
• Frequently Asked Questions about Osteoarthritis of the Knee
• Goosefoot (Pes Anserine) Bursitis of the Knee
• Knee Arthroscopy
• Knee Arthroscopy Exercise Guide
• Knee Implants
• Knee Replacement Exercise Guide
• Kneecap (Prepatellar) Bursitis
• Meniscal Tear
• Meniscal Transplants
• Minimally Invasive Total Knee Replacement
• Nonsurgical Treatment Options for Osteoarthritis of the Knee
• Orthopedists Research Female Knee Problems
• Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Knee Pain)
• Osteonecrosis of the Knee
• Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Tear
• Rotating Platform/Mobile-bearing Knees
• Runner’s Knee (Patellofemoral Pain)
• Surgical Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee
• The Knee
• Total Knee Replacement
• Unstable Kneecap
• Viscosupplementation Treatment for Arthritis